Jet noise is the dominant source when the aircraft takes off. It can be even higher when the engine is installed closed to the wing. The additional noise can be caused by nonlinear hydrodynamic jet-wing interactions and linear TE acoustics scatterings. Large-eddy simulation is performed to understand noise sources, and noise reduction technology is explored using serrated nozzles.
Installed jet turbulence and acoustics —

Jet noise is the dominant source when the aircraft takes off. It can be even higher when the engine is installed closed to the wing. The additional noise can be caused by nonlinear hydrodynamic jet-wing interactions and linear TE acoustics scatterings. Large-eddy simulation is performed to understand noise sources, and noise reduction technology is explored using serrated nozzles.

https://fluids.ac.uk/pictures/competition/8-jet_turbulence_and_acoustics.png